![]() Where 60 represents MW of urea and 14*2 MW of urea nitrogen. Elsewhere, the concentration of urea is reported in SI units as mmol/L.ī U N m g / d L United States, Mexico, Italy, Austria, and Germany). OTC deficiency is also accompanied by hyperammonemia and high orotic acid levels.īUN is usually reported in mg/dL in some countries (e.g. Reference ranges for blood tests, comparing urea (yellow at right) to other blood constituentsĪnother rare cause of a decreased BUN is ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency, which is a genetic disorder inherited in an X-linked recessive pattern. The main causes of a decrease in BUN are malnutrition (low-protein diet), severe liver disease, anabolic state, and syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone. Hypothyroidism can cause both decreased GFR and hypovolemia, but BUN-to-creatinine ratio has been found to be lowered in hypothyroidism and raised in hyperthyroidism. The main causes of an increase in BUN are: high-protein diet, decrease in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) (suggestive of kidney failure), decrease in blood volume ( hypovolemia), congestive heart failure, gastrointestinal hemorrhage, fever, rapid cell destruction from infections, athletic activity, excessive muscle breakdown, and increased catabolism. The normal range is 2.1–7.1 mmol/ L or 6–20 mg/ dL. Interpretation īUN is an indication of renal (kidney) health. It is not considered as reliable as creatinine or BUN/creatinine ratio blood studies. The test is used to detect renal problems. Individual laboratories will have different reference ranges, as the assay used can vary between laboratories. Normal human adult blood should contain 6 to 20 mg/dL (2.1 to 7.1 mmol/L) of urea nitrogen. The liver produces urea in the urea cycle as a waste product of the digestion of protein. Some disorders related to a low BUN level in the blood are pregnancy and acromegaly.6299-2, 59570-2, 12961-9, 12963-5, 12962-7īlood urea nitrogen ( BUN) is a medical test that measures the amount of urea nitrogen found in blood. If kidneys do not work properly urea remains in the bloodstream and its concentration in the blood will be abnormally higher.Ī BUN level below the normal range may be a sign of a low-protein diet or a liver disorder (the liver is not doing a proper protein metabolism). Kidney disorders ( kidney failure, nephropathies, etc.).High protein catabolism (due to an excessive consumption of proteins, etc.).A decrease in the plasma volume due to dehydration or upper GI (gastrointestinal) bleeding.Urea level in the blood is directly related to nutrition, protein metabolism/catabolism and renal functionality.Ī high level of BUN in the blood may be due to: Urea is a marker for kidneys and liver activity. ![]() Maximum values increase with the age and are higher in elderly people.
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